David Ellis
GUESTS staying at America's oldest and most luxurious resort during the Cold War era from the 1960s to '90s, had no idea they were cavorting above a bizarre subterranean world that could have come straight out of James Bond, the fertile mind of Graham Greene, Hollywood's Dr Strangelove or maybe even TV's M*A*S*H.
Because below them was a cavern whose concrete walls were 1.5m thick, with chambers big enough to secrete the entire US Congress and House of Representatives and senior staff – and the ancilliary services they would need to govern the country in the event of an A-bomb attack on America.
The Greenbrier Resort at Sulphur Springs in West Virginia, 400km south-west of Washington DC, opened as an inn in 1778 for those wanting to "take the waters" from its mineral-rich pools and springs.
Over the years it's grown into a vast 5-star palace with banks of restaurants, cafés, bars and lounges, casinos, live-show theatres, and limitless sporting opportunities sprawling over 2600ha (6500 acres.)
But it was in the 1960s that it entered its clandestine role, one conceived by President Dwight D. Eisenhower as "the secret White House," nestled inconspicuously in the sleepy backwoods of the Allegheny Mountains.
Few were briefed on what was to happen, and those who were were sworn to State Secrecy, as unsuspecting workers burrowed into the hillside next to the Resort, supposedly creating a new Greenbriers "West Virginia Wing."
Everything and everyone had a code-name – from President Eisenhower whom the Secret Service dubbed "Providence" – to the so-called "management company" that would maintain this subterranean national secret, and whose bland cover-name for 30-years was Forsythe Associates.
The actual project itself was code-named Project Greek Island, but was usually just called The Bunker.
For weeks concrete trucks arrived around the clock, pouring 1.5m thick floors, walls and ceilings. Then a steel blast-door a half-metre thick and weighing 25-tonnes was brought in on a reinforced railcar from Ohio to safely seal the whole complex in the event of an A-bomb attack on Washington DC's White House.
Like Topsy, Project Greek Island just "growed and growed" to the size of two football fields stacked on top of each other, with every major emergency need being quietly installed, and for thirty amazing years from 1962 constantly maintained for instant use.
And to protect its cover as just a part of the Greenbrier Resort, the two meeting rooms for the Senate and House of Representatives – the Mountaineer Room and Governor's Hall, together with a 5000sq metre area where their staffs would work and dubbed The Exhibit Hall – were actually hired-out through the resort for corporate meetings, exhibitions and parties.
Their participants had no idea they were actually gathering in one of America's most top-secret locations...
Nor that carefully concealed around them were military-style dormitories that could sleep over 1100 Senators, Representatives, senior officials and technical support teams, a mini-hospital, pharmacy, cafeterias, storerooms of freeze-dried foods with 10-year use-by dates, a power-station, 64,000-litres of diesel fuel, water and air purification plants, radio and TV broadcasting studios – the latter with a back-drop wall showing The White House dome – and fitness rooms with exercise bikes, weights and rowing machines.
Its own telephone exchange linked The Bunker with the outside world, and a fire-proof Congressional Records Room could store papers in the event of Congress and the House having to meet, there was a small amoury… even a Chaplain's Room for those fearing that the end was nigh.
And an A-bomb Decontamination Room… chillingly down the corridor from which was the "Pathological Waste Incinerator" – a crematorium for those who may have fatally succumbed to radiation.
Latest-edition news and lifestyle magazines were changed weekly in lounges for 30-years by the "staff" of Forsythe Associates – in truth members of the US Army Signal Corps, who as part of their cover blended into the Greenbrier Resort above in "Forsythe Associates" uniforms servicing guest's TV sets.
Then The Washington Post newspaper in May 1992 ran a bombshell story exposing Project Greek Island and its clandestine operations; it was decommissioned soon after and in 1995 opened by the Greenbrier for public tours with everything apart from the most security-sensitive items still in place, just as during its bizarre thirty secret years.
A near-half-million tourists have toured it to date.
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PHOTO CAPTIONS:
[] GREENBRIER Resort – America's oldest and most luxurious… and home to clandestine Cold War secret.
[] UNDERGROUND meeting room for House of Representatives in the event of an A-bomb attack on Washington.
[] THE BUNKER's own telephone exchange to the outside world.
[] EMERGENCY rations for 1100 Senators, Representatives, senior aides and technical support teams.
[] SEALED-OFF: 25-tonne steel door to seal The Bunker off from the world outside.
Originally issued for FOR WEEK BEGINNING 11 JULY 2011
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